Prof. Hans-Andrea Loeliger

Office:            ETF E101
Office phone:      +41 44 632 2765
Office fax:        +41 44 632 1208
E-mail:            loeliger@isi.ee.ethz.ch
    
Address:           Institut für Signal- und
                   Informationsverarbeitung (ISI)
                   ETF E101
                   ETH Zentrum
                   Sternwartstrasse 7
                   CH-8092 Zürich
                   Switzerland

My research interests lie in the broad areas of signal processing, statistical models, information theory, error correcting codes, communications, system theory, and electronics. Most of my recent work involves factor graphs.

-> Courses
-> Student Projects
-> Current PhD Students
-> Completed PhD Theses (all ISI)

I receive more email than I can handle. Please forgive me if I fail to reply to your message.

Publications

The list is not exhaustive (but nearly so). Some favorite papers are marked blue. See also the copyright notice at the bottom of this page.

Index terms on this page: factor graphs, signal processing, information theory, error correcting codes, communications, dynamical systems, circuits, analog-to-digital conversion, digital-to-analog conversion.

2013:

Jiun-Hung Yu and H.-A. Loeliger,
Reverse Berlekamp-Massey decoding,
2013 IEEE Int. Symp. on Information Theory (ISIT), Istanbul, Turkey, July 7-12, 2013.
Index terms: error correcting codes. Preprint / arXiv:1301.7236
M. Molkaraie and H.-A. Loeliger,
Partition function of the Ising model via factor graph duality,
2013 IEEE Int. Symp. on Information Theory (ISIT), Istanbul, Turkey, July 7-12, 2013.
Index terms: factor graphs. Preprint
H.-A. Loeliger and Ch. Reller,
Signal processing with factor graphs: beamforming and Hilbert transform,
2013 Information Theory and Applications Workshop (ITA), San Diego, CA, Feb. 10-15, 2013.
Index terms: signal processing. Preprint
M. Molkaraie and H.-A. Loeliger,
Monte Carlo algorithms for the partition function and information rates of two-dimensional channels,
IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 495-503, Jan. 2013.
Index terms: information theory. IEEE Xplore / preprint / arXiv:1105.5542
L. Bolliger, H.-A. Loeliger, and C. Vogel,
LMMSE estimation and interpolation of continuous-time signals from discrete-time samples using factor graphs,
Index terms: signal processing, factor graphs. arXiv:1301.4793

2012:

Ch. Reller, M.V.R.S. Devarakonda, and H.-A. Loeliger,
Glue factors, likelihood computation, and filtering in state space models,
Proc. 50th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing, Monticello, Illinois, USA, Oct. 1-5, 2012.
Index terms: signal processing, factor graphs. Preprint
M. Molkaraie and H.-A. Loeliger,
Extending Monte Carlo methods to factor graphs with negative and complex factors,
Information Theory Workshop (ITW) 2012, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, Sept. 3-7, 2012, pp. 367-371.
Index terms: information theory. Preprint (or arXiv:1206.5232)
S. Maranò, Ch. Reller, H.-A. Loeliger, and D. Fäh,
Seismic waves estimation and wave field decomposition: application to ambient vibrations,
Geophysical Journal International, vol. 191, no. 1, pp. 175-188, Oct. 2012.
Index terms: signal processing.
H.-A. Loeliger and P. O. Vontobel,
A factor-graph representation of probabilities in quantum mechanics,
2012 IEEE Int. Symp. on Information Theory, Cambridge, MA, USA, July 1-6, 2012, pp. 661-665.
Index terms: factor graphs. Preprint (or arXiv:1201.5422)
M.V.R.S. Devarakonda and H.-A. Loeliger,
Joint synchronization and demodulation by forward filtering,
2012 IEEE Int. Symp. on Information Theory, Cambridge, MA, USA, July 1-6, 2012, pp. 2406-2410.
Index terms: communications, signal processing, factor graphs. Preprint
Jiun-Hung Yu and H.-A. Loeliger,
On polynomial remainder codes
Index terms: error correcting codes. arXiv:1201.1812.

2011:

L. Bolliger and H.-A. Loeliger,
Sampling jitter correction using factor graphs,
2011 Europ. Signal Proc. Conf. (EUSIPCO), Barcelona, Spain, Aug. 29 - Sept. 2, 2011, pp. 849-853.
Index terms: signal processing, factor graphs. PDF
Ch. Reller, H.-A. Loeliger, and J.P. Marin Diaz,
A model for quasi-periodic signals with application to rain estimation from microwave link gain,
2011 Europ. Signal Proc. Conf. (EUSIPCO), Barcelona, Spain, Aug. 29 - Sept. 2, 2011, pp. 971-975.
Index terms: signal processing, factor graphs. PDF
Jiun-Hung Yu and H.-A. Loeliger,
On irreducible polynomial remainder codes,
2011 IEEE Int. Symp. on Information Theory, Saint Petersburg, Russia, July 31 - Aug. 51, 2011, pp. 1115-1119.
Index terms: error correcting codes. PDF
Ch. Reller, H.-A. Loeliger, and S. Maranò,
Multi-sensor estimation and detection of phase-locked sinusoids,
Proc. 2011 Int. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Prague, Czech Republic, May 22-27, 2011, pp. 3872-3875.
Index terms: signal processing, factor graphs. PDF
S. Maranò, Ch. Reller, D. Fäh, and H.-A. Loeliger,
Seismic waves estimation and wave field decomposition with factor graphs,
Proc. 2011 Int. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Prague, Czech Republic, May 22-27, 2011, pp. 2748-2751.
Index terms: signal processing, factor graphs. PDF
H.-A. Loeliger, L. Bolliger, G. Wilckens, and J. Biveroni
Analog-to-digital conversion using unstable filters,
2011 Information Theory and Applications Workshop (ITA), UCSD, La Jolla, CA, Feb. 6-11, 2011.
Index terms: analog-to-digital conversion, signal processing, dynamical systems, factor graphs. PDF

2010:

M. Ostojic and H.-A. Loeliger,
Multitree decoding and multitree-aided LDPC decoding,
Proc. 2010 IEEE Int. Symp. on Information Theory, Austin, TX, USA, June 13-18, 2010, pp. 779-783.
Index terms: error correcting codes. PDF
M. Molkaraie and H.-A. Loeliger,
Estimating the information rate of noisy two-dimensional constrained channels,
Proc. 2010 IEEE Int. Symp. on Information Theory, Austin, TX, USA, June 13-18, 2010, pp. 1678-1682.
Index terms: information theory, factor graphs. PDF
L. Bolliger, H.-A. Loeliger, and C. Vogel,
Simulation, MMSE estimation, and interpolation of sampled continuous-time signals using factor graphs,
2010 Information Theory and Applications Workshop, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, Jan. 31 - Feb. 5, 2010.
Index terms: signal processing, factor graphs. PDF

2009:

J. Dauwels, A. Eckford, S. Korl, and H.-A. Loeliger,
Expectation maximization as message passing - Part I: principles and Gaussian messages,
arXiv:0910.2832.
Index terms: signal processing, factor graphs.
H.-A. Loeliger and M. Molkaraie,
Estimating the partition function of 2-D fields and the capacity of constrained noiseless 2-D channels using tree-based Gibbs sampling,
Proc. 2009 IEEE Information Theory Workshop, Taormina, Italy, Oct. 11-16, 2009, pp. 228-232.
Index terms: information theory, factor graphs. PDF
M.V.R.S. Devarakonda and H.-A. Loeliger,
Continuous-time matched filtering and decoding without synchronization,
Proc. 2009 IEEE Information Theory Workshop, Taormina, Italy, Oct. 11-16, 2009, pp. 139-143.
Index terms: communications, signal processing.
I. Trajkovic, Ch. Reller, M. Wolf, and H.-A. Loeliger,
Modelling and filtering almost periodic signals by time-varying Fourier series with application to near infrared spectroscopy,
Proc. 17th European Signal Proc. Conf. (EUSIPCO), Glasgow, Scotland, August 24-28, 2009, pp. 632-636.
Index terms: signal processing, factor graphs.
M.-A. El Mechat and H.-A. Loeliger,
Maximum likelihood range estimation for 3D-imaging based on pseudo-noise optical modulation,
Proc. 17th European Signal Proc. Conf. (EUSIPCO), Glasgow, Scotland, August 24-28, 2009, pp. 2082-2086.
Index terms: signal processing.
H.-A. Loeliger, L. Bolliger, S. Korl, and C. Reller,
Localizing, forgetting, and likelihood filtering in state-space models,
2009 Information Theory and Applications Workshop, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, Feb. 8-13, 2009.
Index terms: factor graphs, signal processing. PDF

2008:

P.O. Vontobel, A. Kavcic, D. Arnold, and H.-A. Loeliger,
A generalization of the Blahut-Arimoto algorithm to finite-state channels,
IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 1887-1918, May 2008.
Index terms: information theory.
J. Biveroni and H.-A. Loeliger,
On sequential analog-to-digital conversion with low-precision components,
2008 Information Theory and Applications Workshop, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, Jan. 27 - Feb. 1, 2008.
Index terms: analog-to-digital conversion. PDF
J. Dauwels and H.-A. Loeliger,
Computation of information rates by particle methods,
IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 406-409, Jan. 2008.
Index terms: information theory. PDF

2007:

H.-A. Loeliger, J. Dauwels, J. Hu, S. Korl, Li Ping, and F. Kschischang,
The factor graph approach to model-based signal processing,
Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 95, no. 6, pp. 1295-1322, June 2007.
Index terms: factor graphs, signal processing. PDF
M. Frey and H.-A. Loeliger,
On the static resolution of digitally-corrected analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters with low-precision components,
IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems I, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 229-237, January 2007.
Index terms: analog-to-digital conversion, digital-to-analog conversion. PDF

2006:

M. Frey, H.-A. Loeliger, and P. Merkli,
Analog circuits for symbol-likelihood computation,
Proc. 13th IEEE Int. Conf. on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS), Nice, France, Dec. 10-13, 2006.
Index terms: circuits, communications. PDF
J. Hu, H.-A. Loeliger, J. Dauwels, and F. Kschischang,
A general computation rule for lossy summaries/messages with examples from equalization,
Proc. 44th Allerton Conf. on Communication, Control, and Computing, Monticello, Illinois, Sept. 27-29, 2006.
Index terms: factor graphs, signal processing, communications. PDF
D. Arnold, H.-A. Loeliger, P.O. Vontobel, A. Kavcic, and W. Zeng,
Simulation-based computation of information rates for channels with memory,
IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 3498-3508, August 2006.
Index terms: information theory. PDF
B. Vigoda, J. Dauwels, M. Frey, N. Gershenfeld, T. Koch, H.-A. Loeliger, and P. Merkli,
Synchronization of pseudo-random signals by forward-only message passing with application to electronic circuits,
IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 3843-3852, August 2006.
Index terms: dynamical systems, circuits.
J. Dauwels, S. Korl, and H.-A. Loeliger,
Particle methods as message passing
Proc. 2006 IEEE Int. Symp. on Information Theory, Seattle, USA, July 9-14, 2006, pp. 2052-2056.
Index terms: factor graphs, signal processing. PDF
M. Frey and H.-A. Loeliger,
On Flash A/D-Converters with Low-Precision Comparators,
Proc. 2006 IEEE Int. Symp. on Circuits and Systems, Kos Island, Greece, May 21-24, 2006.
Index terms: analog-to-digital conversion. PDF
M. Frey and H.-A. Loeliger,
On the static accuracy of digitally corrected analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters,
2006 Information Theory and Applications Workshop, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, Feb. 6-10, 2006.
Index terms: analog-to-digital conversion. PDF

2005:

M. Frey, H.-A. Loeliger, P. Merkli, and P. Strebel,
Two experimental analog decoders,
Proc. 2005 IEEJ Int. Analog VLSI Workshop, Bordeaux, France, Oct. 19-21, 2005.
Index terms: circuits, error correcting codes. PDF
J. Dauwels, S. Korl, and H.-A. Loeliger,
Expectation maximization as message passing,
Proc. 2005 IEEE Int. Symp. on Information Theory, Adelaide, Australia, Sept. 4-9, 2005, pp. 583-586.
Index terms: factor graphs, signal processing. PDF
J. Dauwels, S. Korl, and H.-A. Loeliger,
Steepest descent as message passing,
Proc. IEEE Information Theory Workshop, Rotorua, New Zealand, Aug. 28 - Sept. 1, 2005, pp. 42-46.
Index terms: factor graphs, signal processing. PDF
V.M. Koch and H.-A. Loeliger,
EMG signal decomposition by loopy belief propagation,
Proc. 2005 IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), March 18-23, 2005, Philadelphia, PA, USA, pp. 397-400.
Index terms: signal processing, factor graphs. PDF

2004:

J. Dauwels, H.-A. Loeliger, P. Merkli, and M. Ostojic,
On Markov structured summary propagation and LFSR synchronization,
Proc. 42nd Allerton Conf. on Communication, Control, and Computing, (Allerton House, Monticello, Illinois), Sept. 29 - Oct. 1, 2004, pp. 451-460.
Index terms: factor graphs. PDF
J. Dauwels and H.-A. Loeliger,
Computation of information rates by particle methods,
Proc. 2004 IEEE Int. Symp. Information Theory, Chicago, IL, USA, June 27 - July 2, 2004, p. 178.
Index terms: information theory. PDF
J. Dauwels and H.-A. Loeliger,
Phase estimation by message passing,
Proc. 2004 IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications, June 20-24, Paris, France, pp. 523-527.
Index terms: signal processing, factor graphs. PDF
S. Korl, H.-A. Loeliger, and A.G. Lindgren,
AR model parameter estimation: from factor graphs to algorithms,
Proc. 2004 IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, May 17-21, 2004, Montreal, Canada, vol. V, pp. 509-512.
Index terms: factor graphs, signal processing. PDF
H.-A. Loeliger, J. Dauwels, V.M. Koch, and S. Korl,
Signal processing with factor graphs: examples,
Proc. First Int. Symp. on Control, Communications and Signal Processing, March 21-24, 2004, Hammamet, Tunisia, pp. 571-574.
Index terms: factor graphs, signal processing. PDF
H.-A. Loeliger,
An introduction to factor graphs,
IEEE Signal Proc. Mag, Jan. 2004, pp. 28-41.
Index terms: factor graphs. PDF

2003:

J. Dauwels, H.-A. Loeliger, P. Merkli, and M. Ostojic,
On structured-summary propagation, LFSR synchronization, and low-complexity trellis decoding,
Proc. 41st Allerton Conf. on Communication, Control, and Computing, (Allerton House, Monticello, Illinois), Oct. 1-3, 2003, pp. 459-467.
Index terms: factor graphs. PDF
H.-A. Loeliger,
Some remarks on factor graphs
Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. on Turbo Codes and Related Topics, Sept. 1-5, 2003, Brest, France, pp. 111-115.
Index terms: factor graphs. PDF. (Also: slides of the talk as PDF file.)
D. Arnold, A. Kavcic, H.-A. Loeliger, P.O. Vontobel, and W. Zeng,
Simulation-based computation of information rates: upper and lower bounds,
Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Symp. Information Theory, Yokohama, Japan, June 29 - July 4 , 2003, p. 119.
Index terms: information theory.
J. Dauwels and H.-A. Loeliger,
Joint decoding and phase estimation: an exercise in factor graphs,
Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Symp. Information Theory, Yokohama, Japan, June 29 - July 4 , 2003, p. 231.
Index terms: factor graphs, communications.
M. Frey, H.-A. Loeliger, F. Lustenberger, P. Merkli, and P. Strebel,
Analog-decoder experiments with subthreshold CMOS soft-gates,
Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Symp. on Circuits and Systems, Bangkok, Thailand, May 25 - 28, 2003, vol. 1, pp. 85-88.
Index terms: circuits, error correcting codes. PDF
P.O. Vontobel and H.-A. Loeliger,
On factor graphs and electrical networks,
in Mathematical Systems Theory in Biology, Communication, Computation, and Finance, J. Rosenthal and D.S. Gilliam, eds., IMA Volumes in Math. & Appl., Springer Verlag, 2003, pp. 469-492.
Index terms: factor graphs, circuits. PDF

2002:

H.-A. Loeliger,
Least squares and Kalman filtering on Forney graphs,
in Codes, Graphs, and Systems, (festschrift in honour of David Forney on the occasion of his 60th birthday), R.E. Blahut and R. Koetter, eds., Kluwer, 2002, pp. 113-135.
Index terms: factor graphs, signal processing. PDF
D. Arnold, H.-A. Loeliger, and P.O. Vontobel,
Computation of information rates from finite-state source/channel models,
Proc. 40th Allerton Conf. on Communications, Control, and Computing, (Allerton House, Monticello, Illinois), Oct. 2 - 4, 2002, pp. 457-466.
Index terms: information theory. PDF
P.O. Vontobel and H.-A. Loeliger,
Irregular codes from regular graphs,
Proc. 2002 IEEE Int. Symp. Inform. Theory, Lausanne, Switzerland, June 30 - July 5, 2002, p. 284.
Index terms: error correcting codes.

2001:

H.-A. Loeliger,
Analog decoding and beyond,
Proc. 2001 IEEE Information Theory Workshop, Cairns, Australia, Sept. 2-7, 2001, pp. 126-127.
Index terms: circuits, error correcting codes. PDF
D. Arnold and H.-A. Loeliger,
On the information rate of binary-input channels with memory,
Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications, Helsinki, Finland, June 11-14, 2001, pp. 2692-2695.
Index terms: information theory. PDF
F. Lustenberger and H.-A. Loeliger,
On mismatch errors in analog-VLSI error correcting decoders
Proc. of ISCAS'01, Sydney, Australia, May 6 - June 9, 2001, vol. IV, pp. 198-201.
Index terms: circuits, error correcting codes. PDF; Corrections
H.-A. Loeliger, F. Lustenberger, M. Helfenstein, and F. Tarköy,
Probability propagation and decoding in analog VLSI,
IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 47, pp. 837-843, Feb. 2001.
Index terms: circuits, error correcting codes. PDF
F.R. Kschischang, B.J. Frey, and H.-A. Loeliger,
Factor graphs and the sum-product algorithm,
IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 47, pp. 498-519, Feb. 2001.
Index terms: factor graphs. PDF

2000:

D. Arnold, A. Kavcic, R. Kötter, H.-A. Loeliger, and P.O. Vontobel,
The binary jitter channel: a new model for magnetic recording,
Proc. 2000 IEEE Int. Symp. Inform. Theory, Sorrento, Italy, June 25-30, 2000, p. 433.
Index terms: information theory, communications.

1999:

B.J. Frey, F.R. Kschischang, H.-A. Loeliger, and N. Wiberg,
Factor graphs and algorithms,
Proc. 35th Allerton Conf. on Communications, Control, and Computing, Monticello, Illinois, Sept. 29 - Oct. 1, 1997, pp. 666-680.
Index terms: factor graphs. PDF
H.-A. Loeliger, F. Lustenberger, M. Helfenstein, and F. Tarköy,
Decoding in analog VLSI,
IEEE Commun. Mag., pp. 99-101, April 1999.
Index terms: circuits, error correcting codes.

1998:

H.-A. Loeliger, F. Lustenberger, M. Helfenstein, and F. Tarköy,
Probability propagation and decoding in analog VLSI,
Proc. 1998 IEEE Int. Symp. Inform. Th., Cambridge, MA, USA, Aug. 16-21, 1998, p. 146.
Index terms: circuits, error correcting codes.
F. Tarköy and H.-A. Loeliger,
An asynchronous CDMA scheme with iterative decoding for high bandwidth efficiency,
Proc. 1998 IEEE Int. Symp. Inform. Th., Cambridge, MA, USA, Aug. 16-21, 1998, p. 426.
Index terms: communications.

1997:

H.-A. Loeliger,
Averaging bounds for lattices and linear codes,
IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 43, pp. 1767-1773, Nov. 1997.
Index terms: information theory, error correcting codes. PDF file, 290 KB.
H.-A. Loeliger,
The convoluted history of minimal encoders,
Proc. 35th Allerton Conf. on Communications, Control, and Computing, (Allerton House, Monticello, Illinois), Sept. 29 - Oct. 1, 1997, pp. 687-690.
Index terms: error correcting codes, dynamical systems. PDF
H.-A. Loeliger,
New turbo-like codes,
Proc. 1997 IEEE Int. Symp. Inform. Th., Ulm, Germany, June 29 - July 4, 1997, p. 109.
Index terms: error correcting codes. PDF

1996:

H.-A. Loeliger and T. Mittelholzer,
Convolutional codes over groups,
IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 42, pp. 1660-1686, Nov. 1996.
Index terms: error correcting codes, dynamical systems.

1995:

N. Wiberg, H.-A. Loeliger and R. Kötter,
Codes and iterative decoding on general graphs,
Europ. Trans. Telecomm., vol. 6, pp. 513-525, Sept/Oct. 1995.
Index terms: factor graphs, error correcting codes. PDF (10.8 MB)
H. Andersson and H.-A. Loeliger,
Codes from iterated maps,
Proc. 1995 IEEE Int. Symp. Inform. Th., Whistler, BC, Canada, Sept. 17-22, 1995, p. 309.
Index terms: error correcting codes, dynamical systems.

1994:

H.-A. Loeliger,
An upper bound on the volume of discrete spheres,
IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 40, pp. 2071-2073, Nov. 1994.
Index terms: information theory. PDF
H.-A. Loeliger, G.D. Forney, Jr., T. Mittelholzer, and M.D. Trott,
Minimality and observability of group systems,
Linear Algebra & Appl., vol. 205-206, pp. 937-963, July 1994.
Index terms: error correcting codes, dynamical systems. PDF
H.-A. Loeliger,
A posteriori probabilities and performance evaluation of trellis codes,
Proc. 1994 IEEE Int. Symp. Inform. Th., Trondheim, Norway, June 27 - July 1, 1994, p. 335.
Index terms: error correcting codes, communications.
H.-A. Loeliger,
On the basic averaging arguments for linear codes,
in Communications and Cryptography: Two Sides of One Tapestry, (festschrift in honor of James L. Massey on the occasion of his 60th birthday), R.E. Blahut et al., eds., Kluwer, 1994, pp. 251-261.
Index terms: error correcting codes, information theory. PDF; Corrections
C. Chen, T. Chen, and H.-A. Loeliger,
Construction of linear ring codes for 6-PSK,
IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 40, pp. 563-566, March 1994.
Index terms: error correcting codes.

1993:

H.-A. Loeliger,
Abelian-group convolutional codes for PSK need not be ring codes,
Proc. 6th Joint Swedish-Russian Int. Workshop on Information Theory, Mölle, Sweden, Aug. 22-27, 1993, pp. 21-22.
Index terms: error correcting codes, dynamical systems.
R.C. Davis and H.-A. Loeliger,
A nonalgorithmic maximum likelihood decoder for trellis codes,
IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 39, pp. 1450-1453, July 1993.
Index terms: circuits, error correcting codes.

1992:

H.-A. Loeliger,
On Euclidean-space group codes.
ETH Dissertation 9720, 1992.
Index terms: error correcting codes, communications, dynamical systems.
PDF file, 4.3 MB.

1991:

H.-A. Loeliger,
Signal sets matched to groups,
IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 37, pp. 1675-1682, Nov. 1991.
H.-A. Loeliger,
On `linear' codes for the AWGN channel,
Proc. 4th Int. Colloq. on Coding Th., Dilijan, Armenia, Sept. 30 - Oct. 7, 1991, pp. 103-107.
Index terms: error correcting codes.

1990:

H.-A. Loeliger,
A practical reliability metric for block codes used on binary-input channels,
IEEE Trans. Comm., vol. 38, pp. 405-408, April 1990.
Index terms: error correcting codes, communications.

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